The New Englishes

English is a Western Germanic language that rose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England.In eighteen century,following the colonial influence of Great Britain,and United States in mid-twentieth century, English language has been widely dispersed across world,becoming leading language of international discourse. It has also acquired it's use as Lingua franca in many region across world. This, is so called New English has emerged in countries across world during the post-colonial setting. the word ‘New English ’or the ‘World English’ is referred to as the form of localised and indigenized varieties of English.This paper aim to present on overview of the term ‘New English' and it's definition.The paper will also discuss certain distinct features of the new English. New English has its own dialect,grammar structure,vocabularly, and so forth which are different from native English language. Finally,the native local language are also being blended with existing British or America English to give new identity that is rooted in native ethnic cultures. further, it present an overview of how the new englishes have been part of daily life of the wider population of the world.

Today English is considered the most widely spoken language in world, with significant numbers of native speaker in almost every major region. The origin of English dates back in fifth century, the history claims that English is west Germanic language that originated from Anglo-Frisian dialects, the Anglo-Saxon settlers brought it to England in approximately 5th to 6th centuries, English has now become a global language. it has been mainly spread by migration such as North America, Australia, and New Zealand, colonialism in India, Singapore, philippines, Africa and so forth. Berardo(2011) states that it is no longer possible to consider British English as the only acceptable standard but now have to take into account American, Canadian, or Australian English as well as numerous other varieties. A distinct from of English has emerged during postcolonial era around the globe and was term new English, the so called New englishes, as unique variety of English, nevertheless carries it's own feature, there is substantial difference between new and indigenous English.The different countries adopted the English to make it firstly, the term new English refers to varieties of English language used by the regions and nationals where it is not their native language. it refers to varieties of English, used in official language but not necessarily the first language of inhabitants, and is used in contrast to native English. The term new English has been used non-native, vanities of English spoken in former colonies of England by the beginning of the early eighteen century. This adaptation is the result of migration and colonialism where the influence came from native speaker, Berardo(2011) asserts, "Given it's global development English can no longer be considered only for native speakers, the diversity of the varieties all over the world has led what is now known as New English."the spread of English which ultimately gave rise to varieties all across the world through settlement colony or exploitation colonies, it is equally fair to claim that new English is secondly,features of new Englishes are differences that exist and might not be same as the language before. New English differs from one region to another. this is due to differing pronunciation,grammar, and discourse used by the different variety of Englishes. To add on, there are dialect difference. Merriam-webster dictionary(2002) defines dialect as a regional variety of language distinguished by features of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from other regional varieties and consituting toghter with them a single language. Mark Twain,in his work the adventures of Huckleberry Finn, used a wide range of dialects by different characters. For instance, Twain uses the African American vernacular through Jim's dialect. I ain't Gwyne to len no money. Also Huck's dialect is filled with colloquialism -I ain't no matter. Those southern dialects are way different from the British or American English and it is apparent that the dialects of new Englishes are deeply connected to their native languages and accent of the region. The emergence of New Englishes around the world has led to difference in linguistic structures.Hoffman and Mukurjee(2017) investigated the difference between Indian and British English at level of ditransitive verbs and ditransitive verb complementation. The ditransative verb is a class of verb which takes both a direct and an indirect object. for example,the word 'give' is the double object construction ( e.g. he gave Mary the book), the prepositional dative (e.g. he gave the book to mary), and is considered as a ditransitive. They state that ditransitive verb is like 'give' are associated to different extents with individual complementation patterns in present day India and British English. the term 'new ditransitive Verb' is, therefore, the nativized semantic structural Englishers. These new ditransitive words cannot be complemented with two noun phrase object in British English but can be used as the basic ditransitive in India English.for instance, according to Römer and Schulze(2009), in Britain English the word 'gift' may be acceptable in the context of sports commentaries, ( he was forced to bring down Nabi in the danger zone after gifting him the ball),but (she said she wanted to gift him a dream, or delay means a serious risk of gifting Islamabad a taking point) is introduced by Indian englishers."To validate the claim, Hoffman and Mukurjee in 2007 compile 23.5 million words from the online Guttenberg Archive and found that overwhelming majority of new ditransitive words in Indian English like 'advise', 'gift', and 'convey' are not found in the basic ditransitive pattern in database. They, therefore claim that, the new ditransitive is not the reflection of British English, rather it represents the creative innovation introduced by Indian English speakers. Between dialects , there are vocabulary difference too. For instance, American say elevator and the British say lift. When it comes to new Englishes, most of the countries who has adopted this form of English have their own dictionary. For instance, Pakistan and South Africa own their own Pakistani -English dictionary and dictionary of South African English in the historical context, is due to the dictionary of South Africa English.This in the historical context, is due to the fusion and hybridisation of the native language and the colonizers language. In Philippines, America colonizers began to borrow the Filipino words right from the beginning of the colonization. in this case of Australia, " the vocabulary grew either by borrowing from Aboriginal language or by retaning or borrowing from the English dialects" (Turner, 1994,p.277). Thus, the vocabulary of the new Englishes is formed by borrowing words from local language, and retaining words from native English.

The spread of English across the world has been and continues to be both rapid and unpredictable. it started with British colonial empire and the ideas of linguistic imperialism approach. Today, the English is spoken all across the world and been categorised into three -'old English', ' new English', and 'English as world language'. The former colonies adopted and blended the British English with native language and culture giving rise to controversial term ' New English'. it is widely spoken in Asia-pacific regions, African countries, and in south east and, has its own distinct features different from native English language. today, with major population shifting towards multilingual structures,new English has found its place as official language in many countries.Thus, this distinct language become the part of daily life of people to communicate, educate, entertain, and so forth.